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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Ghana (2004)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Ghana (2004)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)Ghana (2004)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsGhana
Administrative divisions - 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western
Age structure - 0-14 years: 38% (male 3,988,800; female 3,904,989)


15-64 years: 58.3% (male 6,030,151; female 6,071,725)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 359,042; female 402,325) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
Airports - 12 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total:
5 sq km

land:
5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Oregon
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.
Birth rate - 24.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $1.943 billion


expenditures: $2.192 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital - Accra
Climate tropical tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Coastline 74.1 km 539 km
Constitution - approved 28 April 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
Currency - cedi (GHC)
Death rate - 10.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $7.398 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES


embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348


FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN


chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520


FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none Ghana must still deal with refugees and returning nationals escaping rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
Economic aid - recipient - $6.9 billion (1999)
Economy - overview no economic activity Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 35% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Policy priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector should help sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem.
Electricity - consumption - 8.835 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 300 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 950 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 8.801 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 3 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
Environment - current issues NA recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups - black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)
Exchange rates - cedis per US dollar - NA (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.3 (1999)
Executive branch - chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds
Exports - partners - Netherlands 11.2%, UK 10.7%, France 7.7%, Germany 6.2%, Japan 5.2%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, US 4.3% (2003)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $44.44 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 35.4%


industry: 25.4%


services: 39.2% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 4.7% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 8 00 N, 2 00 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
Highways - total: 39,409 km


paved: 11,665 km


unpaved: 27,744 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 2.2%


highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
Illicit drugs - illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
Imports - partners - Nigeria 13.2%, China 9.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.5%, South Africa 4% (2003)
Independence - 6 March 1957 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 3.8% (2000 est.)
Industries - mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing
Infant mortality rate - total: 52.22 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 55.1 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 49.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 26.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) 110 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court
Labor force - 10 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (all grass and sand)
arable land: 16.26%


permanent crops: 9.67%


other: 74.07% (2001)
Languages - English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Legal system the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 56.27 years


male: 55.36 years


female: 57.22 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74.8%


male: 82.7%


female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 5


foreign-owned: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $44 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 5,391,378 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 2,994,600 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 244,809 (2004 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Nationality - noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Natural resources fish gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower
Net migration rate - -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
People - note - there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)
Pipelines - refined products 74 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders - Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)
20,757,032


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - 31.4% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate - 1.36% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Takoradi, Tema
Radio broadcast stations - AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)
Railways - total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)
Religions - Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use - 302,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 799,900 (2003)
Television broadcast stations - 10 (2001)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Total fertility rate - 3.17 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - 20% (1997 est.)
Waterways none 1,293 km


note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)
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